Underwater Park of Gaiola

The Underwater Park of Gaiola, located along the coast of Posillipo in Naples, is a marine protected area of extraordinary beauty and historical-archaeological importance. Established in 2002, the park covers an area of about 42 hectares and is named after the two islands of Gaiola, which rise a few meters from the coast. This corner of the Gulf of Naples offers a unique spectacle, where nature, archaeology, and history blend in a marine environment of rare charm. The history of the Underwater Park of Gaiola is closely linked to the Roman villa of Pausilypon, built in the 1st century BC by the Roman official Publius Vedius Pollio. The name “Pausilypon” means “place where pain ends,” a toponym that reflects the beauty and tranquility of this place. After Pollio’s death, the villa became the property of Emperor Augustus and later of the Roman emperors who succeeded him. The ruins of the villa, with its maritime structures such as fishponds, nymphaeums, and docks, are still visible both on the coast and below sea level, a testimony to a glorious past. One of the most fascinating aspects of the park is the combination of volcanic, biological, and archaeological elements. The phenomenon of bradyseism, which causes the slow uplift and lowering of the earth’s crust, has helped preserve many of the submerged archaeological remains. This makes the park an open-air laboratory for geological and archaeological studies, as well as an irresistible attraction for snorkeling and scuba diving enthusiasts. The marine biodiversity of the Underwater Park of Gaiola is equally extraordinary. Thanks to the geomorphological complexity of the seabed and favorable marine currents, the park is home to a rich variety of marine species. Among these, octopuses, bream, damselfish, and a multitude of “guarracini” (fish of the Sparidae family) can be admired, swimming among gorgonians and ancient Roman remains. The formations of oceanic posidonia, a fundamental marine plant for the Mediterranean ecosystem, are another element of great ecological importance in the park. Access to the Underwater Park of Gaiola is regulated to preserve the fragility of its ecosystem. Guided tours allow visitors to explore the submerged archaeological remains and the biological richness of the park. Various options are available, including boat tours with a glass bottom, snorkeling, and scuba diving, which offer a unique opportunity to observe up close both the natural wonders and the archaeological treasures of the park. In addition to underwater activities, the park is an important center for scientific research and environmental education. The Interdisciplinary Studies Center Gaiola onlus plays a fundamental role in this area, promoting research projects, educational programs, and environmental awareness activities. These initiatives aim to enhance the natural and cultural heritage of the Gulf of Naples, involving schools, universities, and the general public.