Alcalá Gate

The Puerta de Alcalá, one of the most iconic monuments in Madrid, is a majestic work located in the Plaza de la Independencia. This triumphal arch, built between 1769 and 1778, was commissioned by King Carlos III to celebrate the triumphant entrance of the monarchy into the city. Designed by the Italian architect Francesco Sabatini, the gate represents a perfect example of neoclassical architecture and a symbol of Bourbon Madrid. Before the construction of the current Puerta de Alcalá, there were other similar structures in the same location, used as the eastern entrance to the city. However, King Carlos III wanted a monument that reflected the prestige and modernity of his reign. Sabatini, known for his work on numerous royal buildings, accepted the challenge and designed a monumental gate that was both functional and artistic. The Puerta de Alcalá is composed of five arches: three central round arches and two smaller lateral segmental arches. The exterior facade is richly decorated with bas-reliefs, sculptures, and inscriptions. The central arches are adorned with vegetal motifs and allegorical figures representing the virtues of the monarch and the prosperity of the kingdom. The pillars are topped with pinnacles and garland decorations, adding a touch of elegance to the entire structure. One of the most interesting elements of the Puerta de Alcalá is its dual facade. The outer facade, facing the countryside, is richer in decorative details, while the inner facade, facing the city, is more sober and austere. This choice reflects the intention to impress visitors arriving in Madrid, while maintaining a more functional appearance for the city’s inhabitants. The construction of the Puerta de Alcalá was a significant engineering feat for the time. The stone used for its construction was extracted from the quarries of Colmenar de Oreja, a location known for the quality of its limestone. The stone blocks were transported to Madrid on ox-drawn carts, a process that took several years. The precision and skill of the artisans involved in the project are evident in the quality of the sculptures and decorations. Over the centuries, the Puerta de Alcalá has witnessed numerous historical and social events. During the Spanish War of Independence, the gate witnessed the movements of French and Spanish troops. Later, it became a symbol of resistance and rebirth for Madrid. The gate has also played a role in national celebrations and festivities, serving as a backdrop for parades, demonstrations, and public events. An interesting anecdote concerns the inauguration of the Puerta de Alcalá. It is said that King Carlos III, known for his practical spirit and desire to modernize Madrid, was initially dissatisfied with Sabatini’s project. However, after seeing the final model, he was so impressed that he decided to increase the budget and accelerate the work. This decision was crucial for the rapid completion of the monument.