Sun Gate

The Puerta del Sol, the pulsating heart of Madrid, is a historic and vibrant square that has played a fundamental role in the political, social, and cultural life of the city. This iconic place, named after the eastern gate of the city walls, has witnessed crucial events in the history of Spain. The square originated in the 15th century, when it was one of the gates of the walled city of Madrid, facing east, hence the name “del Sol”. Over the centuries, the square has evolved into an important center of commerce and social interaction. It was during the reign of Charles III that the Puerta del Sol began to take on the appearance we know today. Charles III, known as the “best mayor of Madrid,” was responsible for many of the urban reforms that transformed the city in the 18th century.One of the most significant buildings in the square is the Real Casa de Correos, built between 1766 and 1768 under the supervision of the French architect Jacques Marquet. This building, with its characteristic clock tower, was the center of the city’s communications and now houses the headquarters of the regional government of the Community of Madrid. Every New Year’s Eve, thousands of Madrileños gather in front of the Real Casa de Correos to celebrate the arrival of the new year, following the tradition of eating twelve grapes at the stroke of midnight.At the center of the square is the equestrian statue of Charles III, erected in 1994 in honor of the king who contributed so much to the urban development of Madrid. The statue depicts Charles III in military commander attire, emphasizing his role as an enlightened leader and reformer.Another iconic symbol of the Puerta del Sol is the “Kilómetro Cero,” the point of origin of the six main radial roads of Spain. This location is marked by a bronze plaque on the sidewalk, a reference point for Madrileños and tourists who stop to take a photo or simply to say they have been in the geographical heart of Spain.The Puerta del Sol is also famous for the statue of the Bear and the Strawberry Tree (El Oso y el Madroño), the heraldic symbol of Madrid. This sculpture, created by the artist Antonio Navarro Santafé and installed in 1967, depicts a bear standing on a strawberry tree, symbolizing the strength and resilience of the city. The Bear and the Strawberry Tree has become a popular meeting point for Madrileños and an iconic image of Madrid.The square has witnessed many historical events. During the Spanish War of Independence, it was the scene of the May 2, 1808 rebellion against Napoleon’s French troops, an event commemorated in Goya’s painting “The Charge of the Mamelukes.” In the 20th century, the Puerta del Sol has witnessed numerous demonstrations and protests, becoming a symbol of popular expression and civil resistance. Among these, the protests of the 15-M movement in 2011, when thousands of citizens camped in the square to demand political and social reforms.