Acqua Paola aqueduct

The Acquedotto dell’Acqua Paola, also known as Acqua Paola or Fontanone, is a magnificent example of hydraulic engineering and Baroque architecture located in Rome. Its construction began in 1608 and was completed in 1612 under the pontificate of Pope Paul V, who wanted to restore the ancient Trajan aqueduct to provide water to the areas of Trastevere, Vatican, and Borgo, which were poorly supplied at the time. The aqueduct originates from the sources located near Lake Bracciano, a source of abundant and good quality water. The aqueduct’s route, about 57 kilometers long, winds through countryside and hills, reaching Rome through an impressive system of underground and elevated conduits. This complex water distribution system included storage tanks and settling basins to clean the water before it reached the city. The design of the terminal fountain, the Fontana dell’Acqua Paola, was entrusted to Giovanni Fontana and Flaminio Ponzio. This majestic fountain, located on the Janiculum Hill, is a true masterpiece of Roman Baroque. Made of white marble, the fountain features five large arches from which water flows, topped by a balustrade decorated with coats of arms and dedicatory inscriptions. The elevated position of the fountain offers a panoramic view of Rome, making it a favorite destination for both Romans and tourists. The fountain had a practical function of water distribution, and was also a symbol of papal power and its ability to carry out great public works. The aqueduct itself was an example of engineering innovation, with underground sections that allowed it to overcome heights and elevated sections that crossed valleys and countryside. The restoration of the Trajan aqueduct under Paul V represented a continuity with the Roman heritage and an affirmation of the greatness of the Catholic Church. The Fontanone has also been celebrated in popular culture and the arts. For example, it is mentioned in the famous song “Roma capoccia” by Antonello Venditti, which celebrates its charm during Roman evenings. This connection with contemporary culture adds another layer of meaning to the structure, making it not only a historic monument, but also a living symbol of the city of Rome. Over the centuries, the Acquedotto dell’Acqua Paola has undergone various maintenance and restoration interventions. Some of the main restorations were carried out during the 18th century to ensure the continuity of the water supply.