Synagogue of Ragusa

The Synagogue of Dubrovnik, known as the second oldest synagogue in Europe still in use, is a silent witness to the rich history of the Jewish community in the city. Located on a narrow and discreet street in the Old Town, the synagogue is not only a place of worship, but also a symbol of resilience and continuity. The origins of the synagogue date back to 1352, but it was officially recognized by the city authorities in 1408. Its importance grew significantly with the arrival of the Sephardic Jews expelled from Spain in 1492 and Portugal in 1496. These exiles found refuge in Dubrovnik, bringing with them not only their culture and traditions, but also commercial and artisanal skills that contributed to the prosperity of the city. Architecturally, the Dubrovnik synagogue reflects a fusion of styles ranging from Gothic to Baroque. Its interior, redesigned in the 17th century, is adorned with Baroque elements including ceilings decorated with painted stuccoes of blue sky and golden stars, 19th-century Florentine-style chandeliers, and a precious 13th-century Moorish carpet. The bimah (pulpit) and the aron kodesh (holy ark) are made of carved and decorated wood, framing the Torah scrolls brought by the Spanish refugees. The Jewish community of Dubrovnik, although small, played a significant role in the city’s economic and cultural life. During the 16th century, the city officially recognized the Jewish ghetto, known as Ulica Zudioska or “Street of the Jews”, where the synagogue is still located. Despite restrictions and occasional persecutions, the community maintained its cohesion and contributed to the social and commercial life of the Republic of Ragusa. Over the centuries, the synagogue has faced numerous challenges. The earthquake of 1667, which devastated much of Dubrovnik, also severely damaged the synagogue. However, the community worked to repair it, preserving many of its original furnishings. During World War II, the Jewish community suffered harsh persecutions under fascist and Nazi occupation, with many members deported to concentration camps. The synagogue itself was damaged, but managed to survive. Once again, in 1991, during the Croatian War of Independence, the synagogue was hit by artillery during the siege of Dubrovnik. The damages were repaired in 1997, and the building was consecrated again, continuing to serve the local Jewish community and the numerous visitors.