Synagogue of Rome

The Great Synagogue of Rome, also known as the Great Synagogue of Rome, is a significant monument both historically and architecturally. Inaugurated in 1904, this building represents a symbol of the freedom and emancipation achieved by the Roman Jewish community after centuries of segregation and persecution. The history of the synagogue is closely linked to the events of the 19th century. After the capture of Porta Pia in 1870 and the annexation of Rome to the Kingdom of Italy, civil rights were finally granted to the Roman Jews. This period of emancipation led to the decision to build a new, monumental place of worship that would replace the ancient synagogues of the Roman Ghetto, a historically segregated neighborhood characterized by extremely difficult living conditions. The design of the synagogue was chosen through a public competition won by architects Vincenzo Costa and Osvaldo Armanni. Their vision combined Assyrian, Egyptian, and Greek architectural elements, creating a unique building. The structure is characterized by a large square dome covered in aluminum, making it visible from many points in the city, symbolizing the presence and resilience of the Roman Jewish community. The interior of the Great Synagogue is equally impressive. Decorated in Art Nouveau style, the building houses a bimah (pulpit) which, in an interesting deviation from the Roman rite tradition, is positioned unconventionally. This detail, along with the richness of the decorations, contributes to making the interior of the synagogue a place of great beauty and historical significance. Next to the Great Synagogue is the Jewish Museum of Rome, which offers visitors a detailed overview of the history and culture of Roman Jewry. Among the objects on display are historical documents, liturgical furnishings, incunabula, and marble sculptures. The museum is known for its collection covering a timeline from the Second Jewish-Roman War to the present day, including an immersive multimedia presentation on the Nazi occupation of Rome. The construction of the synagogue in the former Ghetto district holds deep symbolic value. The Roman Ghetto, established in 1555, was one of the first areas of forced segregation in Europe. Here, Jews were forced to live in extreme poverty and under strict restrictions. The demolition of the Ghetto and the construction of the Great Synagogue represent a clear change, symbolizing the rebirth and new dignity of the Jewish community in the Italian capital. An interesting anecdote concerns the synagogue’s dome. During World War II, it was temporarily covered to protect it from bombings. This gesture reflects the importance of the synagogue to the Jewish community and the determination to preserve such an important symbol even in times of great difficulty. The area surrounding the Great Synagogue is rich in history and contemporary Jewish life. The neighborhood is known for its kosher restaurants, shops, and markets that offer an authentic taste of Roman Jewish culture. Guided tours of the Synagogue and the Jewish Museum are an excellent way to immerse oneself in the complex and fascinating history of this community.