Marcellus Theater

The Theatre of Marcellus, located in the heart of Rome, is one of the oldest and best-preserved theaters of ancient Rome. Its history began with Julius Caesar, who started its construction in 17 BC. However, it was completed by Augustus in 13 BC and dedicated to Marcus Claudius Marcellus, Augustus’ nephew and son-in-law, who died prematurely. This theater, which could accommodate up to 20,000 spectators, was used for theatrical performances and musical shows, making it an important cultural center of the time. Architecturally, the Theatre of Marcellus is a perfect example of Roman mastery in engineering and building public structures. The theater features a semicircle of 130 meters in diameter, with a cavea – the area reserved for spectators – divided into three tiers of seats, each of which could accommodate different social classes of the Roman population. The exterior facade of the theater, made of travertine, is characterized by three levels of overlapping arches, decorated with Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns, a design that would influence the architecture of theaters in the centuries to come. Over the centuries, the Theatre of Marcellus underwent numerous transformations. During the Middle Ages, the structure was converted into a fortress by the Orsini family, who appreciated its solid construction and strategic location. In the following centuries, the upper part of the theater was transformed into a residential palace, known as Palazzo Savelli, designed by architect Baldassarre Peruzzi for the noble Savelli family in the 16th century. This palace is still inhabited today, making the theater an extraordinary example of continuity of use and adaptation through the ages. One of the most fascinating aspects of the Theatre of Marcellus is its integration into the modern urban fabric of Rome. Located between the Capitoline Hill and the Tiber River, near the Jewish Ghetto, the theater is surrounded by a lively and historically rich neighborhood. Its location makes it a landmark for visitors to Rome, offering a window into the public and cultural life of ancient Rome, while also showcasing the adaptation of historical structures to modern needs. The ruins of the theater have been partially excavated and restored, offering visitors a clear idea of its original grandeur. Walking among the arches and remains of the cavea, one can imagine the life of ancient Rome, with its theatrical performances, public debates, and celebrations. The proximity of the theater to the Imperial Fora and the Capitoline Hill underscores the importance of this area in the political and cultural life of ancient Rome. An interesting anecdote concerns the name of the theater: the dedication to Marcus Claudius Marcellus was a gesture of great affection by Augustus, who considered Marcellus not only a relative but also his potential successor. Marcellus’ premature death was a harsh blow to Augustus, and the theater thus became a monument to the memory of the young prince. Today, the Theatre of Marcellus is open to the public and hosts concerts and performances, continuing the tradition of being a place of entertainment and culture. During the summer months, the cavea of the theater comes alive with musical events ranging from classical music to jazz, offering a unique experience in an extraordinary historical setting. This contemporary use of the theater not only preserves its historical relevance but also keeps it alive as an integral part of the Roman cultural scene.