Almudena Cathedral

The Cathedral of Almudena, officially known as the Holy Metropolitan Cathedral Church of Santa Maria the Royal of Almudena, is one of the main religious and historical symbols of Madrid. Its construction, lasting over a century, reflects an exceptional combination of architectural styles, from the neoclassical exterior to the neogothic interior, to the neo-Romanesque of the crypt. The idea of building a cathedral dedicated to the patron saint of Madrid, the Virgen de la Almudena, emerged as early as the 16th century, but it was only in 1883 that King Alfonso XII laid the first stone of the new building. The cathedral stands near the site of the previous church of Santa Maria de la Almudena, built on an old mosque, which in turn was built on a Roman site. This layering of historical and cultural influences makes the cathedral a symbol of the city’s continuous evolution. Legend has it that during the Christian reconquest of Madrid in 1083, King Alfonso VI discovered a hidden statue of the Virgen de la Almudena in the city walls. This miraculous event is commemorated by a niche on the cathedral’s facade. The initial project, designed by architect Francisco de Cubas, envisioned a neogothic style, but after several interruptions and modifications, the exterior was completed in a neoclassical style to better harmonize with the nearby Royal Palace. Architects Fernando Chueca Goitia and Carlos Sidro were instrumental in giving the cathedral its final appearance, distinguished by its majestic facade and twin towers. Inside, the cathedral offers a gothic atmosphere with high ceilings and stained glass windows that create a play of light and shadow. The main altar is dominated by a statue of the Virgen de la Almudena, while the crypt, accessible from Cuesta de la Vega, is a neoromanesque gem with over 400 columns and a solemn and tranquil atmosphere. The cathedral was consecrated on June 15, 1993 by Pope John Paul II, an event that marked a crucial moment in its history. Since then, the cathedral has been the scene of important religious and state events, including state funerals and the wedding of King Felipe VI to Letizia Ortiz in 2004. In addition to its religious function, the cathedral also houses a museum that offers an overview of the religious and artistic history of Madrid, with a collection of sacred art, relics, and historical documents. The museum is a reference point for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of Spanish faith and culture. Another interesting aspect of the cathedral is its connection to the Spanish royal family. The link is emphasized by the burial of María de las Mercedes de Orleans, the first wife of Alfonso XII, in the chapel of the Virgen de la Almudena. The presence of the royal family during major religious ceremonies gives the cathedral symbolic and institutional importance. Architecturally, the cathedral is a masterpiece of stylistic integration. The central dome, visible from various points in the city, is decorated with statues of the apostles, the work of sculptor Luis Sanguino. The bronze doors, carved with scenes of the Trinity and Spanish history, are a work of art in themselves, while the stained glass windows depicting episodes from the life of the Virgin add a touch of color and spirituality to the austere interiors. The construction of the cathedral experienced many pauses and restarts, due to historical events such as the Spanish Civil War, which slowed down the work. However, the dedication of architects, artists, and supporters allowed the cathedral to emerge as one of the city’s most important monuments, a symbol of perseverance and faith.