Ancient Kaisarianī Monastery

The Monastery of Kaisariani, located on the northern slopes of Mount Hymettus, near Athens, is one of the most precious treasures of Greece’s Byzantine heritage. Founded probably at the end of the 11th century, the monastery was built on the site of an ancient Roman sanctuary dedicated to Aphrodite, which in turn was built on a previous Greek temple. This layering of places of worship reflects the historical and spiritual importance of the site, which has continued to evolve through the centuries. The monastery is dedicated to the Presentation of the Virgin Mary and its main church, or katholikon, is a typical example of Byzantine architecture with an inscribed cross. Its semicircular columns and central dome are supported by four ancient columns, likely remnants of the pre-existing Roman sanctuary. During the Ottoman period, the katholikon was expanded with the addition of a narthex and a chapel dedicated to Saint Anthony, decorated with 17th-century frescoes following the iconographic tradition of Mount Athos and Cretan painting. The history of the Kaisariani monastery is rich in significant events and illustrious figures. Over time, the monastery became an important center of spirituality and knowledge. It hosted figures such as the Byzantine philosopher George Gemistos Plethon and was home to a renowned library that preserved ancient texts. Unfortunately, many of these manuscripts were lost during the Greek War of Independence, when they were used to light fuses or sold to English merchants. The monastery was not only a religious center, but also an economic one. The monks of Kaisariani were known for their agricultural production, which included olive groves, vineyards, and beekeeping. They were also experts in the production of herbal remedies, using local medicinal plants. These activities not only ensured the monastery’s subsistence, but also made it a reference point for the local community. The monastery’s location, surrounded by the lush Vyronas forest, adds an additional layer of charm to the site. The forest offers a network of hiking trails, picnic areas, and viewpoints that allow visitors to enjoy the tranquility and natural beauty of Mount Hymettus. The natural spring of Kalopoula, located a short distance from the monastery, is particularly fascinating. According to legend, the spring water had healing properties, especially for female fertility, and still attracts visitors today. Another interesting aspect of the monastery is its ancient Roman bath, which during the Ottoman period was transformed into an olive oil mill. This building testifies to the monastery’s ability to adapt and thrive through different epochs and dominations. Visiting the Monastery of Kaisariani offers an immersive experience in the history and spirituality of Byzantine Greece. Its well-preserved walls, centuries-old frescoes, and serene atmosphere invite reflection and discovery. Visitors can stroll through shaded courtyards, explore the remains of the monastic cells, and admire the sacred artworks adorning the main church.