Basilica of St Mary Major - Bergamo

Situated in the heart of the historic city of Bergamo, the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore represents a fundamental component of the city’s identity. This magnificent example of Romanesque and Baroque architecture was built between the 12th and 18th centuries and is known today not only for its architectural beauty but also for its important role in the religious and cultural life of the city. The basilica is famous for its interior, rich in works of art, including frescoes and sculptures by renowned artists, making it an unmissable landmark for anyone visiting Bergamo.Origins and HistoryThe basilica was founded in 1137, during a time when Bergamo was establishing itself as an important commercial and cultural center. Its construction was commissioned by a group of local nobles intent on creating a place of worship that could reflect the growing significance of the city. In addition to being a spiritual center, the basilica was also meant to represent the power and prosperity of the Bergamasque aristocratic families.Over the centuries, the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore underwent numerous interventions and transformations. In 1459, the Bishop of Bergamo, Giovanni Oleario, initiated an important restoration and expansion campaign. During this period, new frescoes and decorations were added to the existing works, contributing to give the place a new splendor. This renovation period culminated in the inauguration of the Colleoni Chapel in 1476, erected in honor of the condottiero Bartolomeo Colleoni, another testament to the wealth and power of the noble classes of Bergamo.As time progressed, in the 17th century, the basilica was further enriched with Baroque decorations following the taste of the time. The embellishment work involved significant artistic and architectural contributions, such as the sumptuous façade, which was completed in 172. This phase culminated in the skillful integration of the original Romanesque elements with the new Baroque style, which characterizes the appearance of the basilica even today.One of the most significant recent events is the restoration of the interior frescoes, carried out between 1957 and 1965, undertaken to preserve and enhance the artistic and cultural heritage of the basilica. These interventions revealed a series of valuable artworks, testaments to the millenary history of Santa Maria Maggiore.What to ObserveAs soon as we approach the basilica, the first thing that strikes is the majestic façade. It stands out for its Romanesque style, enriched with Baroque elements. You can notice the beautiful decorated portals, each of which tells a story from the Christian tradition. The façade is harmonious and symmetrical, accompanied by elegant colonnades.Entering the basilica, immediately to your left, you can admire the famous marble floor, a masterpiece of figurative art. This floor, made in the 15th century, is an enchanting mosaic of colorful tiles representing animals, plants, and biblical figures. Its decorations are not only aesthetic but also symbolic, designed to inspire the faithful.Continuing inside, in front of you rises the imposing high altar, made of marble and adorned with gold and artistic decorations. These details not only enrich the view but also tell stories of devotion and faith, with biblical themes and saints adorning the architecture.Moving towards the right side, you will see the Colleoni Chapel, a true jewel of Renaissance art, designed by Giovanni Battista Venini. This funerary monument is filled with sculptures, reliefs, and marble decorations that celebrate the life and deeds of Bartolomeo Colleoni, a local hero. Its majesty is accentuated by a dome that fascinates with the beauty of its enameled ceramic tiles.Don’t forget to observe the ceiling of the basilica, adorned with splendid frescoes depicting sacred stories and angels. These paintings, created by 17th-century artists, are an exciting example of how art can elevate the human spirit, making sacred spaces even more engaging.Continuing your visit, you cannot miss the famous organ of the basilica, one of the most imposing keyboard instruments in Europe. This extraordinary organ was built in 1779 and has a sound that enchants anyone who listens to it, especially during liturgical celebrations. The artisans who created it paid attention to every detail, making it not only a functional instrument but also a work of art in itself.Finally, we invite you to consider the panoramic view offered by the surrounding area. Stepping out from the basilica and looking towards the Colle di San Vigilio, the area where the basilica is located allows for a breathtaking landscape characteristic of the gentle Bergamasque hills, where history and nature intertwine in a fascinating combination.Context and ConnectionsThe Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore is located in the heart of Bergamo’s historic center, an area rich in history and architectural beauty. In this neighborhood, visitors can easily stroll along the cobbled streets that wind among ancient palaces and artisan shops.One of the nearby sites is the Cittadella of Bergamo, which offers a perfect suggestion for delving deeper into the history of the city. Another must-see attraction is the Chapel of Santa Croce, which features a beautiful crypt and magnificent Baroque decoration.Renowned for its beauties, Bergamo is also home to the Accademia Carrara, an art museum that houses works by artists such as Raphael and Botticelli. This museum, located a short distance from the basilica, is an important landmark for art lovers.CuriositiesOne of the most fascinating curiosities relates to the tradition of the “touch of Mary.” It is said that the faithful, by touching a particular statue of the Virgin present inside the basilica, express a wish or ask for a grace. This practice, which dates back centuries, continues to this day.Another curiosity is related to the great organ of the basilica, which has been used during celebrations and concerts of sacred music. Its sound and melodic appeal have attracted musicians from all over, making this organ a fundamental part of Bergamo’s cultural life.Finally, it should be noted that the basilica has also played a key role in the most significant historical moments in the city, such as during the Venetian domination, when it became a meeting point between different cultures, leading to both religious and artistic enrichment.We invite you to continue your exploration of historic Bergamo by visiting the nearby Venetian walls and the Piazza Vecchia, where every corner tells a unique story of this fascinating territory. Enjoy your visit!