Carmel bunkers

The Bunkers of Carmel, located on the hill of Turó de la Rovira, offer one of the most spectacular panoramic views of Barcelona. This historic site is not only an ideal place to enjoy a breathtaking view, but also a point of great historical and social relevance. Built in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War, the bunkers were designed as anti-aircraft batteries to defend Barcelona from air attacks by the nationalist forces of Francisco Franco. Equipped with four Vickers anti-aircraft cannons, these bunkers played a crucial role in protecting the city, which was heavily bombed during the conflict, with about 200 air raids causing thousands of casualties and injuries. After the war, the bunkers lost their military function and were gradually abandoned. However, in the 1940s, they became a refuge for many poor families, especially immigrants from southern Spain who could not afford to buy homes. This informal settlement, known as “Los Cañones,” reached its peak in the 1960s, hosting about 600 people in precarious conditions. It was only in preparation for the 1992 Olympics that the City of Barcelona decided to relocate the residents to more suitable housing, allowing for the redevelopment of the area. Today, the Bunkers of Carmel have been transformed into a cultural space and a privileged observation point, managed by the Museum of History of Barcelona (MUHBA). Their history is well documented, and visitors can explore the remaining installations and learn more about the Civil War and its consequences for the city. The area also houses a small museum that provides detailed information on this crucial period of Spanish history. Politically, the bunkers represent a symbol of the city’s resistance and struggle against fascism. Their history is a reminder of the suffering and challenges faced by the population of Barcelona during one of the most turbulent periods of the 20th century. Their transformation into a space of memory and reflection is also a tribute to the resilience of its inhabitants. Accessibility to the Bunkers of Carmel has improved over the years, although it still requires a certain amount of energy to reach the top of the hill. Visitors can choose from various transportation options, including buses and the metro, followed by a short walk. The area has recently been fenced off to better control visitor flow and preserve the site, with defined opening hours to ensure sustainable management.