Castel dell'Ovo

Castel dell’Ovo, which overlooks the picturesque coast of Naples, is one of the oldest and most fascinating castles in the city, with a history deeply intertwined with the legends and historical events of Naples. Its curious name, which translates literally as “Castle of the Egg,” derives from a medieval legend according to which the poet Virgil would have hidden a magical egg in the foundations of the castle. It was said that if the egg were to break, the castle would collapse and a series of disasters would befall the city of Naples. The origins of Castel dell’Ovo date back to the ancient Greece period, when the islet of Megaride, on which the castle stands, was chosen by Greek colonists from Cumae as the site for a small settlement. Later, around the 1st century BC, the Roman patrician Lucius Licinius Lucullus built a luxurious villa on this island, known as Castrum Lucullanum. With the decline of the Roman Empire, Lucullus’ villa was transformed into a fortification, which later became a monastery during the Early Middle Ages. The castle as we know it today began to take shape under Norman rule in the 12th century. It was during the reign of Roger II that the castle was expanded and fortified, becoming one of Naples’ main maritime defenses. Subsequently, the Swabians, under Frederick II, further strengthened the defensive structures, while the Angevins transformed it into a royal residence. It was during the Angevin period that Castel dell’Ovo became the scene of important historical events, including the coronation of Charles I of Anjou. The structure of the castle reflects its long and varied history. It is characterized by massive and imposing architecture, with thick walls and sturdy towers dominating the Gulf of Naples. Access to the castle is through a bridge that connects the islet of Megaride to the mainland. Upon entering the castle, visitors can explore a series of courtyards, panoramic terraces, and bastions, offering spectacular views of the city and the sea. One of the most fascinating elements of Castel dell’Ovo is its chapel, dedicated to San Salvatore. Built during the Norman period, the chapel features medieval frescoes that are a rare example of sacred art from that time. Other areas of interest within the castle include the ancient prisons, used during various historical periods, and the underground cisterns, which were used for collecting rainwater. Over the centuries, Castel dell’Ovo has undergone numerous transformations and restorations. During the Aragonese period, the castle was further fortified to withstand enemy assaults, while in the 16th century, under Spanish rule, new defensive structures were added to adapt to new war techniques. During the Bourbon period, the castle gradually lost its strategic importance and was mainly used as a prison and military depot, making it a lively cultural center. One of the most evocative aspects of visiting Castel dell’Ovo is the panoramic view from its terraces. From here, you can admire Mount Vesuvius, the Gulf of Naples, and the entire city, offering a breathtaking spectacle that encapsulates all the beauty and complexity of Naples.