Heiðmörk Nature Reserve

Heiðmörk Nature Reserve, located just outside Reykjavik, is one of Iceland’s largest and most fascinating protected natural spaces. Founded in 1950, this natural park covers approximately 3,000 hectares and represents a place of extraordinary beauty and biodiversity, offering a serene refuge from urban life and an opportunity to immerse oneself in Icelandic nature. The creation of Heiðmörk began with reforestation efforts in 1949, when thousands of trees were planted, including Scots pines, Norway spruces, and Sitka spruces, near the Elliðavatn farm. These efforts were crucial in transforming a previously arid landscape into a lush forest, which now hosts over four million trees of twenty-six different species. This extraordinary reforestation process has not only improved the local ecosystem but also created a perfect environment for wildlife, including over sixty species of birds that can be spotted in the reserve. One of the most remarkable geological features of Heiðmörk is the Rauðhólar, red hills formed by pseudocraters dating back approximately 5,200 years. These volcanic formations offer a unique and dramatic landscape that tells the story of the island’s geothermal activity. During World War II, many of these formations were used as construction material for roads, but today the Rauðhólar are protected and preserved as part of the nature reserve. In addition to its natural wonders, Heiðmörk is a place of great importance for Reykjavik’s water resources. Water collection areas, such as Gvendarbrunnar, Myllulækjarsvæði, and Vatnsendakriki, are essential for the city’s water supply. These sites ensure that the Icelandic capital has clean and safe water, playing a crucial role in urban infrastructure. Heiðmörk is also a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts. Visitors can enjoy numerous hiking and biking trails that traverse forests, lakes, and lava fields, offering breathtaking views and the opportunity to explore Icelandic nature in all its diversity. Popular activities include fishing in the Elliðavatn and Vifilsstadavatn lakes, bird watching, and horseback riding on the famous Icelandic horses. During the winter months, Heiðmörk also becomes a prime spot for viewing the Northern Lights, away from the city’s light pollution. From a historical perspective, Heiðmörk was declared a national monument in 1961 and a public park in 1974. These recognitions have helped ensure the protection and sustainable management of the area, which is now one of Iceland’s most visited and beloved green spaces. The reserve is not only a recreational area but also a symbol of Iceland’s commitment to environmental conservation and sustainability. The nature reserve is closely linked to the Reykjavik community and surrounding areas, such as Garðabær and Kópavogur, making Heiðmörk easily accessible and integrated into the urban fabric. Its ecological, recreational, and cultural importance makes it a place of meeting and connection for residents and visitors, promoting an active lifestyle and a deep appreciation for nature. An intriguing anecdote about Heiðmörk is its Christmas tree forest. Every year, during the holiday season, visitors can go to the reserve to choose and cut their own Christmas tree, an activity that not only creates a personal connection with nature but also supports local traditions and sustainable forest management.