Main Square

The Plaza Mayor of Madrid is one of the most emblematic and historic public spaces in the city. Located in the heart of the historic center, this rectangular square is surrounded by uniform three-story buildings with arcades, giving the place a unique architectural harmony. The square, originally known as Plaza del Arrabal, was transformed over the centuries to become the center of public life in Madrid. Its current configuration dates back to the reign of Philip III, under the guidance of architect Juan Gómez de Mora, who began its construction in 1617. The square was completed in 1619, becoming a multifunctional space used for markets, popular festivals, bullfights, religious processions, and even public executions during the Inquisition. At the center of the square stands the equestrian statue of Philip III, a bronze work created by Giambologna and Pietro Tacca in 1616, symbolizing the power and greatness of the monarch. The Plaza Mayor has a history marked by three major fires, which occurred in 1631, 1672, and 1790. Each reconstruction has helped define its current appearance. The last major intervention, following the 1790 fire, was led by architect Juan de Villanueva, who redesigned the square with its current features: uniform three-story buildings, arcades, and corner towers. Villanueva also made some changes to prevent further fires, such as removing wooden decorations. One of the most significant buildings in the square is the Casa de la Panadería, located on the north side. Originally built as a royal bakery, it now houses the Madrid tourism office and spaces for cultural events. The façade of the Casa de la Panadería is decorated with frescoes depicting mythological and allegorical figures, the work of Spanish artist Carlos Franco, added during a restoration in the 20th century. Opposite the Casa de la Panadería is the Casa de la Carnicería, which once housed the meat market. Like the Casa de la Panadería, this building has undergone various restorations over the years and now houses commercial and residential spaces. The Plaza Mayor has been the scene of numerous historical and cultural events. During the reign of Charles II, the square hosted lavish celebrations for the king’s marriage to Maria Luisa of Orléans. In the 18th century, it was the site of public executions during the Inquisition, with gallows set up in the center of the square. The square also has a long tradition of markets, dating back to its foundation. Today, during the Christmas season, it hosts a lively Christmas market where you can buy decorations, nativity scenes, and typical sweets. The Plaza Mayor is a symbol of Madrid life, a place for meeting and socializing. The arcades surrounding the square house historic cafes, restaurants, and craft shops, where residents and tourists mingle to enjoy the beauty of the place. Among the most famous cafes, Café de la Plaza is an iconic place to sit and admire the bustling life while enjoying a coffee or hot chocolate. One of the most curious anecdotes related to the Plaza Mayor concerns the statue of Philip III. In the 19th century, the statue was temporarily removed for restoration work, and during the process, it was discovered that there were accumulations of small bird bones inside the horse. It was found that the ventilation holes of the statue had allowed the birds to enter but not to exit, turning the statue into a deadly trap. This episode sparked great curiosity and interest among the citizens of the time.