Naples Cathedral

The Cathedral of Naples, also known as the Naples Cathedral, is one of the most important and iconic monuments of the city. Dedicated to Santa Maria Assunta, the cathedral is also known as the Cathedral of San Gennaro, in honor of the patron saint of Naples. The construction of the cathedral, begun in the 13th century, was commissioned by Charles I of Anjou and completed in the 14th century under the reign of Robert of Anjou. The cathedral is built on a site of great historical significance, constructed on the remains of two ancient early Christian basilicas, Santa Restituta and Stefania. Traces of these ancient structures are still visible today, offering visitors a fascinating glimpse into the historical stratification of Naples. Archaeological excavations beneath the building have also revealed Greek and Roman artifacts, testifying to the city’s long history. The architecture of the cathedral is an interesting mix of styles, reflecting the various epochs of its construction and the numerous restorations it has undergone over the centuries. The facade, renovated in the 19th century by Enrico Alvino, features neogothic elements that blend with the 15th-century portal, adorned with sculptures by Tino da Camaino. The grandeur of the exterior facade introduces the opulence and decorative richness of the interiors. Inside, the cathedral impresses with its grandeur. The central nave is flanked by two side aisles, separated by Gothic pillars. The ceiling is decorated with Baroque frescoes and stuccoes, while the apse and presbytery are embellished with works of art by renowned artists such as Luca Giordano and Domenichino. The Chapel of the Treasure of San Gennaro, located on the right side of the cathedral, is one of the focal points of the complex. This chapel, built in the 17th century, is a true treasure trove of artistic treasures and relics. The Chapel of the Treasure houses the relics of San Gennaro, including the famous reliquary containing the saint’s blood. The miracle of the liquefaction of San Gennaro’s blood, which occurs three times a year, is an event of great religious and cultural importance for the people of Naples. The liquefaction of the blood is considered a good omen, while the failure of the miracle is seen as a harbinger of misfortune. The chapel is decorated with frescoes by Domenichino and Giovanni Lanfranco, altars by Francesco Solimena, and a bronze balustrade by Cosimo Fanzago. Among the other works of art preserved in the cathedral are an Assumption by Pietro Perugino and numerous paintings by Luca Giordano. The early Christian baptistery of the cathedral, with mosaics from the 4th century, is one of the oldest and best-preserved examples of early Christian art. The crypt, designed by Tommaso Malvito, is another point of great interest. This crypt, also known as the Crypt of San Gennaro, houses the remains of the saint and other important historical figures. The crypt is decorated with marble sculptures and reliefs that emphasize its solemnity and religious importance. In addition to the Chapel of the Treasure and the crypt, another area of great significance is the Minutolo Chapel. This chapel, mentioned in Boccaccio’s “Decameron,” is decorated with 14th-century frescoes that represent an important testimony of Neapolitan medieval art.