National Palace of Ajuda

The National Palace of Ajuda, located on a hill overlooking the Tagus River in Lisbon, is an imposing example of neoclassical architecture and a symbol of the turbulent history and prestige of the Portuguese monarchy. Its construction began in 1795, under the direction of architects Manuel Caetano de Sousa, José da Costa e Silva, and Francisco Xavier Fabri, following a project that combined baroque and rococo elements, later simplified and reduced for economic and political reasons. The palace was originally conceived to replace the temporary royal residence in wood, built after the devastating earthquake of 1755 that had destroyed the Paço da Ribeira. However, the construction of the new palace was interrupted several times due to financial problems and the French invasions of 1807, when the royal family was forced to flee to Brazil. This period of interruption and uncertainty left the project incomplete for many years. The resumption of work in 1813 marked a change in direction, with a more sober and dignified approach. Despite the difficulties, the palace became an official residence of the Portuguese royal family during the reign of King Luís I in 1861, and remained so until the proclamation of the Republic in 1910. During this period, the palace was lavishly decorated by Queen Maria Pia, wife of Luís I, who enriched it with luxurious furnishings, works of art, and collections of precious objects, reflecting the taste and sophistication of the time. The architecture of the National Palace of Ajuda features an imposing neoclassical façade, with a columned portico and a triangular pediment decorated with allegorical bas-reliefs. The interiors are equally grand, with richly decorated rooms, including the Throne Room, with its golden throne and silk-lined walls, and the Maria Pia Room, adorned with magnificent chandeliers and rococo-style furniture. The Sala dos Grandes Jantares, used for banquets and state receptions, is famous for its long carved wooden dining table and elaborate decorations. The palace also houses the Royal Treasury Museum, inaugurated in 1968, which displays a vast collection of jewelry, silverware, ceramics, and textiles dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries. This collection offers a unique glimpse into the life and habits of the Portuguese court, as well as showcasing the craftsmanship of the time. Despite the many changes and difficulties faced throughout its history, the National Palace of Ajuda remains an extraordinary monument that embodies the elegance and magnificence of the Portuguese monarchy. Today, the palace is open to the public and continues to be used for official events, offering visitors the opportunity to explore its splendid rooms and immerse themselves in the royal history of Portugal. Guided tours allow visitors to fully appreciate the architectural and artistic beauty of this building, which represents an important chapter in the cultural and political history of the country.