National Theater of Prague

The National Theatre of Prague, located in the Staré Město district, represents one of the most important and revered symbols of Czech culture and national identity. Its history, rich in significant moments and twists, reflects the patriotic fervor and struggle for independence of the Czech nation during the 19th century. The idea of building a national theatre was born in the first half of the 19th century, at a time when Czech national sentiment was growing under the oppression of the Austrian Empire. The construction of the theatre was seen as a symbol of the cultural and political rebirth of the Czech nation. The project received support from the entire population: from the nobility to the common citizens, everyone contributed with donations to realize this ambitious project. The theatre was designed by architect Josef Zítek, and construction began in 1868, with the laying of the foundation stone on May 16 of that year. This event was a great national celebration, demonstrating the importance of the theatre for Czech identity. The National Theatre was finally inaugurated on June 11, 1881 with the performance of the opera “Libuše” by Bedřich Smetana, an opera that celebrates the legend of the mythological founder of Prague. However, just a few months after the inauguration, the theatre was severely damaged by a fire on August 12, 1881. This event was a harsh blow to the Czech people, but at the same time it strengthened national determination. Fundraising for the reconstruction of the theatre resumed with renewed vigor, and the National Theatre was rebuilt and reopened on November 18, 1883, again with “Libuše” by Smetana. The theatre is a masterpiece of Neo-Renaissance architecture, with richly decorated interiors that reflect the spirit and culture of the Czech people. The interior decorations were entrusted to some of the greatest Czech artists of the time, including Mikoláš Aleš, František Ženíšek, Vojtěch Hynais, and Josef Václav Myslbek. The paintings, sculptures, and architectural details inside the theatre celebrate Czech history and legends, creating an environment that is both majestic and patriotic. One of the most iconic elements of the National Theatre is the curtain painted by Vojtěch Hynais, which depicts an allegory of art as a means to elevate the human spirit. This curtain has become a symbol of the Czech cultural heritage and the central role of the theatre in national life. The National Theatre has witnessed many crucial historical moments. During the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia, the theatre became a symbol of cultural resistance. Theatrical and operatic performances continued despite censorship, and the theatre was a place where Czech identity could be openly expressed. After World War II, the theatre continued to be a vital center for Czech culture, presenting a repertoire that included Czech and international classic works, as well as new contemporary works. In the following years, the National Theatre underwent several renovations and modernizations to keep its structure and services up to date. Today, the National Theatre consists of three main buildings: the National Theatre itself, the Estates Theatre, and the New Stage. Each of these theatres has its own specific programming, contributing to a rich cultural offering that ranges from opera to ballet, from dramatic theatre to symphonic music. The Estates Theatre, located near Old Town Square, is particularly famous for hosting the world premiere of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s “Don Giovanni” in 1787, under the composer’s direction. This historic event cemented the bond between Mozart and Prague, and the theatre continues to honor this legacy with regular performances of Mozart’s works. The New Stage, inaugurated in 1983, is an example of modern architecture and hosts contemporary dance performances and experimental theatre. This versatile space allows the National Theatre to expand its artistic offerings and explore new forms of expression.