New Castle

Castel Nuovo, also known as Maschio Angioino, is one of the most iconic fortresses in Naples, with a history that spans over seven centuries. Located in a strategic position near the port, this imposing castle is not only a symbol of military power, but also a cultural and artistic center of great importance. The construction of the castle began in 1279 under the reign of Charles I of Anjou, who desired a new fortified residence closer to the sea, in contrast to the previous Castel Capuano. The project was entrusted to the French architect Pierre de Chaule, and the castle was completed in a relatively short time, in 1282. The original structure reflected the typical Gothic architecture of the time, with high crenellated walls and sturdy corner towers. With the arrival of the Aragonese dynasty, Castel Nuovo underwent significant transformations. Alfonso V of Aragon, after conquering Naples in 1442, decided to expand and renovate the castle. It was during this period that the castle took on its current appearance, characterized by Renaissance and Gothic elements. The architect Guillem Sagrera was in charge of the work, and under his direction the majestic Triumphal Arch and other elaborate decorations were added. The Triumphal Arch, one of the most distinctive features of the castle, was erected to celebrate Alfonso’s triumphant entry into Naples. This structure, made of white marble, is richly decorated with sculptures and reliefs depicting scenes from the king’s life and mythological allegories. The figures sculpted by artists such as Pere Johan and Guillem Sagrera, including personifications of virtues and military victories, add a touch of grandeur and sophistication to the castle. Inside the castle, there are numerous historically and artistically significant rooms. The Palatine Chapel, dedicated to Saint Barbara, still preserves Gothic and Renaissance frescoes. This sacred place was the spiritual center of the castle and hosted important religious ceremonies for the Aragonese court. Another notable room is the Hall of the Barons, so named because in 1486 some Neapolitan barons were imprisoned here by Ferdinand I of Naples after a conspiracy attempt. This hall, with its high ceiling and elaborate decorations, is now used for official and cultural events. The fortifications of the castle were further strengthened in the 16th century under Spanish rule, to resist the new siege techniques introduced by artillery. It was during this period that the mighty bastions and outer walls were built, giving the castle the appearance of an impregnable fortress. Despite its primarily military function, Castel Nuovo has always been a center of culture and art. During the Renaissance, the Aragonese court transformed the castle into a lively intellectual center, hosting artists, poets, and philosophers. The castle was a meeting place for figures like Giovanni Pontano and Jacopo Sannazaro, who helped make Naples one of the main cultural centers of the time. Over the centuries, Castel Nuovo has continued to evolve, adapting to the needs of the time. During the Bourbon period, it was mainly used as a barracks and prison, but in the 20th century a process of recovery and enhancement of its historical and artistic heritage began. Today, the castle houses the Civic Museum, which exhibits a vast collection of artworks, archaeological finds, and historical documents that testify to the rich history of Naples. Among the most significant works preserved in the museum are paintings by renowned artists such as Mattia Preti and Battistello Caracciolo, as well as sculptures, tapestries, and furnishings that tell the story of the city and its inhabitants. Temporary exhibitions and cultural events organized within the castle continue to make Castel Nuovo a reference point for Neapolitan culture. Castel Nuovo, with its panoramic position overlooking the Gulf of Naples, also offers breathtaking views of the city and the sea. Walking along its walls and climbing its towers allows visitors to immerse themselves in history, while admiring one of the most picturesque panoramas of Naples.