Orlando's Column

Orlando’s Column, erected in 1418, is one of the most iconic symbols of Dubrovnik, located in the center of Luža Square, right in front of the Church of St. Blaise. This column represents much more than just a monument; it is an emblem of the city’s freedom and independence, which has endured centuries of history and challenges. The column depicts an armored knight, known as Orlando or Roland, a legendary paladin who, according to tradition, defended Dubrovnik from a siege by Saracen pirates in the 9th century. Although the legend is fascinating, historically Orlando was one of the many knights depicted in similar statues throughout Europe, symbols of alliances and protection. The choice of Orlando as the central figure may have been influenced by medieval stories of justice and chivalry, ideals that Dubrovnik wanted to embody. Created by local sculptors Antun Dubrovčanin and Bonino di Milano, the column is a masterpiece of medieval sculpture. The figure of Orlando is carved with intricate details: the armor, sword, and pose convey a sense of strength and vigilance, ready to defend the city. The column itself is decorated with floral motifs and other ornamental elements, showcasing the artists’ skill. One of the most curious aspects of the column is its practical use in the past. Orlando’s arm was used as an official unit of measurement in Dubrovnik, known as the “ragusan cubit” or “lakat,” measuring 51.2 centimeters. This standard of measurement was crucial for regulating trade and ensuring fair transactions, reflecting the column’s importance not only as a symbol but also as a tool of daily life. The column has always played a central role in Dubrovnik’s public life. It was a reference point for official proclamations, with officials addressing the crowd from the small balcony at the top of the column. Additionally, the base of the column was occasionally used for public punishments, emphasizing the role of justice in society.