Republic square

Piazza della Repubblica, one of the most iconic squares in Rome, is located in the Castro Pretorio district, near Termini station. Its history and architecture reflect the transformations that the city has undergone from ancient times to the present day. Originally called Piazza dell’Esedra, the square is located on the ancient site of the Baths of Diocletian, built between 298 and 306 AD, the largest in ancient Rome. The baths, which could accommodate up to 3,000 people, were an imposing complex of public baths that included libraries, gymnasiums, gardens, and rooms for hot and cold baths. Today, the remains of the baths are still visible nearby, integrated into the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri, designed by Michelangelo in 1561 commissioned by Pope Pius IV. The square underwent a significant transformation at the end of the 19th century, during the period of the Risorgimento, when Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. It was then that the architect Gaetano Koch designed the elegant palaces surrounding the square, characterized by a semicircular shape reminiscent of the ancient exedra of the Baths of Diocletian. These buildings, with their neoclassical facades and monumental porticoes, give the square a grand and harmonious appearance. At the center of the square is the Fountain of the Naiads, one of the most beautiful and evocative fountains in Rome. Inaugurated in 1901, the fountain was designed by Alessandro Guerrieri and later completed by Mario Rutelli. The four female figures adorning the fountain represent the water nymphs: the Naiad of the Lakes, the Naiad of the Rivers, the Naiad of the Oceans, and the Naiad of the Underground Waters. Each figure is sculpted with great skill and dynamism, capturing the essence and beauty of water in all its forms. In the center of the fountain, a triton struggles with a dolphin, symbolizing man’s victory over nature. The Fountain of the Naiads was the subject of controversy at the time of its inauguration, as the figures of the nymphs, sculpted in sensual poses, were considered too daring for the time. However, over time, the fountain has become one of the most beloved symbols of Rome. Piazza della Repubblica is also an important hub of Rome’s public transport, thanks to its proximity to Termini station, the city’s main railway hub. The square is connected to numerous bus and tram lines, as well as the metro, with the Repubblica – Teatro dell’Opera stop located right under the square. This makes it an ideal starting point for exploring Rome and its wonders. An interesting anecdote related to Piazza della Repubblica concerns the Grand Hotel St. Regis, located near the square. Inaugurated in 1894, the hotel was one of the first luxury hotels in Rome and has hosted numerous illustrious figures over the years, including writers, artists, politicians, and celebrities. The hotel is famous for its elegance and impeccable service, representing a piece of Roman hospitality history.