Roman Theater Museum

The Roman Theatre Museum of Lisbon is one of the hidden treasures of the city, located in the heart of the historic Alfama district. This museum houses the remains of an ancient Roman theater, offering visitors a fascinating glimpse into Lisbon’s Roman history. The theater was built during the reign of Emperor Augustus in the 1st century AD and was later expanded under Emperor Nero in 57 AD. This archaeological site not only represents evidence of Roman presence in Portugal, but also an important cultural and historical reference point for understanding the city’s urban evolution. The discovery of the Roman theater occurred accidentally in 1798 during the reconstruction works of the city after the devastating earthquake of 1755. However, systematic excavations only began in the 1960s. The theater, which could accommodate up to 5000 spectators, was abandoned in the 4th century and remained buried under rubble for centuries. Thanks to archaeological excavations, it is now possible to admire the remains of the structure, including the stage, the orchestra, and part of the seating, which transport us back in time, offering a fascinating insight into the cultural and social life of ancient Lisbon, then known as Felicitas Iulia Olisipo. The museum, which was inaugurated in 2001 and subsequently renovated between 2013 and 2015, spans multiple levels and includes two restored historic buildings. The first building dates back to the 17th century, while the second is more recent. The museum’s renovation has preserved many of the original features of the buildings, integrating them with modern elements necessary to accommodate the public and showcase the archaeological finds. The museum’s design received an honorable mention at the Valmor Prize for Municipal Architecture in 2014, a recognition that highlights the importance and quality of the restoration work carried out. Inside the museum, visitors can explore a wide range of archaeological artifacts, including sculptures, ceramics, and other artifacts covering a long historical period, from the 4th century BC to the 17th century AD. Among the most notable pieces is a statue of Silenus, an ancient Roman vase, and various fragments of columns and capitals that adorned the theater. These artifacts not only testify to the magnificence of Roman architecture, but also the rich cultural history of Lisbon through the centuries. A visit to the Roman Theatre Museum offers a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in Lisbon’s ancient history, discovering how the city has developed and transformed over the centuries. The presence of the Roman theater and its archaeological remains represents a bridge between the past and the present, a symbol of the city’s continuity and resilience through the ages.