Spanish Square

The Plaza de España in Madrid is one of the most emblematic and popular places in the Spanish capital. This vast urban space, located at the western end of Gran Vía, is a meeting point between history, architecture, and social life. The square is dominated by the imposing monument to Miguel de Cervantes, a tribute to the famous Spanish writer and author of “Don Quixote”. In the center of the monument stands the statue of Cervantes, while at his feet are the statues of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, his most famous characters. This sculptural composition, surrounded by a fountain and gardens, is one of the most photographed and visited spots in Madrid. The project for the Cervantes monument began in 1915, on the occasion of the third centenary of the publication of the second part of “Don Quixote”, and was completed in the 1920s. Sculptors Rafael Martínez Zapatero and Lorenzo Coullaut Valera, along with architect Pedro Muguruza, were the main responsible for the realization of this monumental tribute. Around the square, some of the city’s most iconic buildings stand, reflecting different epochs and architectural styles. Among these, the most famous is undoubtedly the Edificio España, an imposing and majestic structure built between 1948 and 1953. With its 117 meters in height, the Edificio España was for many years the tallest building in Madrid. Its eclectic style, combining neobaroque and modernist elements, makes it a symbol of the post-war economic boom and urbanization. Another prominent building is the Torre de Madrid, built between 1954 and 1957. With its 142 meters in height, the Torre de Madrid was for a period the tallest skyscraper in Europe. Designed by architects Julián and José María Otamendi, the tower represents an example of the vertical architecture that characterized Madrid’s urban development in the 1950s. Plaza de España is also an important transportation hub, with several metro and bus lines connecting it to the rest of the city. This makes the square a must-visit for residents and tourists, contributing to its lively and cosmopolitan character. The square has recently undergone an ambitious urban redevelopment project, aimed at improving accessibility and usability of public spaces. The project included the creation of new pedestrian areas, green spaces, and bike lanes, transforming the square into a more welcoming and sustainable place. These interventions have also enhanced the existing historical and architectural elements, integrating them into a modern and functional urban context. The political importance of Plaza de España is also evidenced by the presence of numerous embassies and international institutions in the surrounding area. This international dimension contributes to making the square a meeting place for diverse cultures, reflecting the open and cosmopolitan character of Madrid. An interesting anecdote concerns the construction of the Edificio España. During the works, archaeological remains from Roman times were found, evidence of the long history of settlements in the area. These findings have helped to strengthen the historical and cultural importance of the square, adding another layer of meaning to its already rich heritage.