Square of the Fig Tree

In the heart of Lisbon’s Baixa district, Praça da Figueira represents a historical and social landmark that tells the story of the city’s transformation over the centuries. Before the devastating earthquake of 1755, the area was home to the Hospital de Todos-os-Santos, whose foundations were uncovered during the construction of the current underground parking lot. After the earthquake, Marquês de Pombal, the architect of Lisbon’s reconstruction, turned the square into the city’s main market, aligning it with the modern and functional vision of the new Baixa. In 1885, a covered market was built that became a lively trading center until its demolition in the 1950s. Today, the square is dominated by four-story buildings housing hotels, shops, and cafes, creating a vibrant urban space. The bronze equestrian statue of King John I, created by sculptor Leopoldo de Almeida and inaugurated in 1971, stands majestically in the center of the square, paying tribute to the 15th-century king. Praça da Figueira is well connected thanks to the Rossio station on Lisbon’s green metro line, several bus and tram lines departing from its sides, making it easily accessible to both residents and tourists. Tram 15, for example, is one of the main means of transportation to visit other historic areas of the city, such as Belém. In addition to its historical and architectural significance, the square also hosts some of Lisbon’s most fascinating places. On its southern end is Confeitaria Nacional, one of the city’s oldest and most famous pastry shops, opened in 1829 and renowned for its Christmas “Bolo Rei.” On the northern side is Hospital das Bonecas, a historic workshop that also serves as a laboratory for toy restoration and a museum of antique dolls, considered one of the coolest in the world by Reader’s Digest. In a social context, Praça da Figueira reflects Lisbon’s adaptation to modern needs. Originally an open market selling fruits, vegetables, and poultry, the square has evolved into a hub for cultural and social events, always maintaining a connection with the local community. The importance of Praça da Figueira goes beyond its market function. Its development was an integral part of Marquês de Pombal’s vision to create a modern and resilient Lisbon, capable of rising from the ruins of the 1755 earthquake. The city’s reconstruction followed advanced urban planning principles for the time, such as wide straight streets and earthquake-resistant buildings, with the square becoming a symbol of this rebirth.