Tower of Belém

The Tower of Belém, located on the banks of the Tagus River in Lisbon, is one of the most emblematic monuments of Portugal and a symbol of the great age of maritime discoveries. Built between 1514 and 1520 according to the design of architect Francisco de Arruda, the tower was originally conceived as part of the city’s defensive system, intended to protect the entrance to the port of Lisbon. The architecture of the Tower of Belém is a perfect example of Manueline style, a late Gothic variant characterized by intricate and symbolic decorative elements that celebrate Portugal’s maritime achievements. This style is named after King Manuel I, during whose reign numerous expeditions were undertaken that led to the discovery of new lands and trade routes. The tower’s decorations include maritime elements such as twisted ropes, armillary spheres, crosses of the Order of Christ, and fantastic figures like mermaids and exotic animals. Built in Lioz limestone, the tower rises over four floors and features an upper platform that offers a spectacular panoramic view of the river and the city. The lower level of the tower housed a prison and a cistern, while the upper floors were used for military and residential purposes. One of the most fascinating elements of the tower is the Renaissance loggia, with its elegant arches and decorated balustrades, giving the building a light and airy appearance. Over the centuries, the Tower of Belém has undergone various transformations and restorations, yet still maintaining its original structure intact. During the Spanish occupation of Portugal in the 17th century, the tower was strengthened with the addition of bastions and cannons, becoming an important defensive stronghold. In the 19th century, the building was restored and enhanced as a historical monument, becoming one of Lisbon’s main tourist attractions. In addition to its architectural value, the Tower of Belém holds deep historical and symbolic significance. It was from this point that many Portuguese explorers, including Vasco da Gama, set off on their epic voyages to Africa, India, and Brazil. The tower therefore represents not only a defensive bulwark, but also a starting point for Portugal’s maritime expansion, an era of exploration that changed the course of world history. The tower is also linked to numerous anecdotes and legends. For example, during the reign of King Sebastian, who disappeared in battle in Morocco, the tower was said to be used as a lookout point to watch for the king’s return, as many believed he would come back to save Portugal. This legend of the “Hidden King” is still alive in the Portuguese collective imagination. In 1983, the Tower of Belém was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with the nearby Jerónimos Monastery, recognizing its universal value as a testimony of the Age of Discoveries. This recognition has helped preserve the tower as an important historical and cultural site, attracting thousands of visitors from around the world every year.