New Synagogue

The Neue Synagogue in Berlin, located on Oranienburger Straße, is one of the most important symbols of Jewish history and culture in Germany. Built between 1859 and 1866 according to the design of architect Eduard Knoblauch and completed by Friedrich August Stüler, the synagogue was the largest and most magnificent Jewish place of worship in 19th century Germany. Its construction was a response to the growing Jewish population in Berlin and represented an expression of confidence and integration of the Jewish community into city life. The synagogue is known for its Moorish architectural style, inspired by the Alhambra in Granada, with a richly decorated facade in red bricks and gilding that adds a touch of splendor. The original structure could accommodate up to 3,200 people, making it not only a place of worship but also a cultural center where concerts and conferences were held. The imposing golden dome, visible from afar, is still one of the most distinctive landmarks in Berlin today.During Kristallnacht on November 9, 1938, the Neue Synagogue was set on fire by the Nazis. However, thanks to the intervention of the local police chief, Wilhelm Krützfeld, the building was not completely destroyed. He ordered the firefighters to extinguish the flames, arguing that the synagogue was a protected historical building. This act of courage helped preserve part of the structure, although the damage was significant.During World War II, the synagogue was further damaged by Allied bombings. After the war, the building was located in East Berlin and was partially demolished by the GDR authorities in 1958, leaving only the facade and dome standing as a memorial against war and fascism. With the reunification of Germany, a major restoration project began, leading to the reopening of the synagogue in 1995 as the Centrum Judaicum, a museum and documentation center of Jewish history in Berlin.Today, the Neue Synagogue houses a permanent exhibition titled “Tuet auf die Pforten” (“Open the Gates”), which tells the story of the synagogue and the Jewish community in Berlin through historical documents and multimedia displays. The Centrum Judaicum also offers guided tours that allow visitors to explore not only the synagogue but also the surrounding neighborhood, rich in Jewish history.The synagogue continues to play a significant role as a cultural center and place of memory. The restored architecture, with its shining golden dome, is a testament to the resilience and continuity of Berlin’s Jewish community. Every year, on November 9, a commemorative ceremony is held to remember the victims of Kristallnacht and the Holocaust.The central location of the synagogue, in the vibrant Mitte district, makes it easily accessible to tourists and Berliners. Its facilities include a museum, an archive, and a space for cultural events, making it a focal point for education and the preservation of Jewish history. The activities of the Centrum Judaicum are not limited to history and memory, but also include contemporary initiatives aimed at promoting intercultural and interreligious dialogue. Visiting the Neue Synagogue means immersing oneself in an important piece of Berlin’s history, understanding the challenges and victories of the Jewish community, and appreciating the art and architecture that reflect a rich cultural tradition.