Galgario Tower - Bergamo

Torre del Galgario: This extraordinary tower is located in the heart of the upper city and represents a fundamental piece of Bergamo’s identity. Built in the 12th century, it is known for its medieval architecture and for the lookout function it served over the centuries. The Torre del Galgario is a silent witness to the historical events that have shaped Bergamo, and as we pass alongside this imposing structure, we will immerse ourselves in its fascinating history and artistic peculiarities.Origins and HistoryThe origins of the Torre del Galgario date back to the 12th century, a period in which Bergamo was an important commercial and political center. This tower, which is part of a series of city fortifications, was erected by the nobles of the Suardi family, one of the most influential in the region. Its name, “Galgario,” may derive from “gallo” (rooster) or “gaio” (joyful), referring to an acoustic signal that the guardians used to alert the population in case of danger.During its long period of existence, the tower underwent several transformations. In the 14th century, under the rule of the Visconti, the Torre del Galgario took on a strategic role in the defense of the city, becoming a fundamental lookout point for monitoring access routes. During this time, the city of Bergamo was experiencing a period of great growth, thanks in part to its strategic locations along trade routes.In the 16th century, with the arrival of Venetian rule, the tower continued to serve as a point of observation but also as a symbol of power and prestige. Over the centuries, however, it suffered a gradual decline, sustaining damage during wars and sieges. It was only in the 19th century that significant restorations were undertaken, aiming to restore its ancient splendor.Today, the Torre del Galgario is a national monument, protected for its historical and architectural importance. Its restoration has been particularly significant, as it has allowed for the preservation of its medieval characteristics and made it accessible to the public, offering the chance to discover a piece of Bergamo’s history through guided tours and cultural events.Architectural AspectFrom an architectural perspective, the Torre del Galgario is an emblematic example of Bergamo’s medieval architecture. Standing about 36 meters tall, it is built from what is known as “marmorino,” a type of stone typical of the area. Its cylindrical shape rises elegantly toward the sky, with a sturdy base that provides stability.The main entrance, located on the south facade, is characterized by a full-archway, typical of the Lombard coast. Moving upward, the tower features a series of narrow slits, designed for shooting arrows or projectiles, giving an idea of its defensive past. At the top, a small walkway offers a panoramic view of the city and the surrounding hills, a privilege that harkens back to its ancient use as a lookout.What to ObserveAs we approach the Torre del Galgario, the first element that strikes one is undoubtedly the monumentality of the structure. On the right side of the tower, we can notice the alternating light and dark stones, a detail that highlights the craftsmanship of the master masons of the time.If we enter inside, we will find a simple but historically rich environment. The ground floor hosts some illustrative exhibitions telling the story of the tower and its significance for the Bergamasque community. Here, the historical objects on display testify to the daily life in past eras and the importance of the tower in the city’s defense.Now let’s go up to the first floor, where small windows overlook the city, offering picturesque views. Here, it is possible to admire the remains of some ancient infrastructures used by the guardians, including the stone stairs and sturdy wooden beams. Each detail tells a story, underscoring the lives of the soldiers who once patrolled from these places.Continuing, we reach the second floor. Here, there are frescoes and decorations dating to various periods of history, many of which refer to the time of Venetian rule. Some of these frescoes depict scenes of daily life and symbols of the era, allowing for a deeper understanding of Bergamasque culture. These artistic elements speak to a city that has managed to maintain its prestige despite historical transformations.Finally, ascending to the top of the tower, you will find a panoramic walkway. From here, the view is spectacular: a sight that spans the spires of the Cathedral, the ancient bastions, and the captivating hilly landscape surrounding Bergamo. This is the ideal place to reflect on the history hidden behind these walls and to understand how the Torre del Galgario has witnessed the city’s transformations over the centuries.Context and ConnectionsThe Torre del Galgario is not just an isolated monument; it is part of an urban fabric rich in history and culture. We find ourselves in one of the oldest areas of Bergamo’s upper city, where other historical attractions are easily accessible.A nearby landmark is the Cathedral of Bergamo, located just a few steps from the tower. Built in the 17th century, it represents an important testimony of Baroque art and houses works by renowned artists. The cathedral and the tower have shared centuries of history, both being symbols of the city’s religious and political power.Not far away is the Museum of Natural Sciences, which offers an interesting collection of natural specimens and information about the local ecology. A way to discover not only Bergamo’s anthropic history but also the natural environment that surrounds it.Moreover, we cannot forget the Bastions of Bergamo, the fortifications that encircle the city. These bastions, built between the 16th and 17th centuries, represent another extraordinary testimony of military architecture and the city’s defense history. Many visitors start their exploration from here.CuriositiesThe Torre del Galgario has an illustrious history that transcends architecture. Did you know that its strategic position also made it a place for historical gatherings? In past times, it was common to see meetings of nobles or discussions about the city’s fate held there.Additionally, the tower underwent a series of restorations during the 20th century. Thanks to the work of architectural experts, fundamental elements such as the battlements were returned to the structure, giving the tower a more original appearance.Finally, another curiosity is that during its peak use, the guardians of the tower adopted a system of acoustic and visual signals to communicate with the rest of the city, using flags and bells to alert in case of an attack.We invite you to continue your discovery of Bergamo by visiting the nearby Cathedral of Bergamo, the Museum of Natural Sciences, and the picturesque Bastions. Every corner of this city has a story to tell!