Sasso Caveoso

The Sasso Caveoso, located in the southern part of Matera, is one of the two ancient districts that, together with the Sasso Barisano, constitute the historic heart of the city. This district is an authentic masterpiece of rock architecture, with houses, churches, and palaces carved into the limestone rock, creating a unique urban landscape in the world. Walking through the Sasso Caveoso is like taking a journey back in time, exploring centuries of history and culture that have shaped this extraordinary place. The origin of the Sasso Caveoso dates back to prehistoric times, but it is during the Middle Ages that the district takes on its current form. The houses carved into the rock, with their interiors cool in summer and warm in winter, represent a perfect example of human adaptation to the surrounding environment. These houses, often spread over multiple levels, are interconnected by a network of alleys, stairs, and passages that create a fascinating urban labyrinth. Every corner of the Sasso Caveoso tells a story, with its unique architectural details and breathtaking views of the Matera ravine. One of the most fascinating aspects of the Sasso Caveoso is the presence of numerous rock churches, true jewels of sacred art carved into the rock. Among these, the Church of Santa Maria de Idris is particularly significant. Located at the top of a rocky spur, the church offers a spectacular panoramic view of the city and the surrounding valley. The interior of the church is decorated with frescoes dating back to the 13th century, depicting biblical scenes and saints, testifying to the rich religious tradition of the area. Another church of great importance in the Sasso Caveoso is the Church of San Pietro Caveoso. Built in the 13th century, this church stands out for its simple yet elegant facade and its bell tower that dominates the surrounding landscape. The interior of the church, with its aisles and decorated altars, is an extraordinary example of medieval sacred art. The rock churches of the Sasso Caveoso are not only places of worship but also important centers of community life, playing a crucial role in the social and cultural history of Matera. A visit to the Sasso Caveoso also offers the opportunity to discover the artisanal and culinary traditions of Matera. The artisan workshops in the neighborhood produce ceramics, textiles, and stone objects using ancient techniques, while restaurants and trattorias offer typical dishes of Lucanian cuisine, prepared with local and seasonal ingredients. Among the dishes not to be missed are the “crapiata,” a soup of legumes and cereals, and the famous Matera bread, a naturally leavened bread baked in a wood-fired oven. Another fascinating element of the Sasso Caveoso is its ability to tell the story of the interaction between man and nature. The numerous paths and hiking trails that cross the district allow you to explore places of great historical and landscape interest, such as Neolithic villages, necropolises, tratturi, and ancient transhumance routes. These paths offer a journey through time, allowing you to discover how the different civilizations that have succeeded over the centuries have left their mark on the landscape.