Sforza Castle

Europe,
Italy,
citta,
Centro Storico
The Sforza Castle in Milan is one of the most iconic and historically significant monuments in the city. Its construction began in the 15th century on the orders of Francesco Sforza, who had just conquered Milan and wanted to establish a fortress on the remains of the previous Castello di Porta Giovia, built by the Visconti in the 14th century. The original Visconti structure, characterized by a square plan and corner towers, was transformed by the Sforza into a noble residence and center of military and political power. Francesco Sforza commissioned the famous architect Antonio di Pietro Averlino, known as Filarete, to design the monumental Filarete Tower, which became one of the most recognizable symbols of the castle. However, due to disagreements between Filarete and local engineers, the work progressed slowly and was only completed under the direction of Bartolomeo Gadio. The tower was then destroyed by an explosion in the 16th century and rebuilt only in the 20th century based on original designs. Under the rule of Ludovico il Moro, the castle became a prominent cultural center, thanks to the arrival of artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Donato Bramante. Leonardo, in particular, was commissioned to decorate the Sala delle Asse with an intricate fresco depicting a pergola of intertwined branches, a work that reflects his mastery and unique artistic vision. With the fall of the Sforza and the French occupation in 1499, the castle underwent several changes. The Filarete Tower was used as a munitions depot and was destroyed by an explosion. Under Spanish domination, the castle was transformed into a vast military citadel, with advanced fortifications designed to withstand attacks from modern artillery. The walls were expanded and equipped with star-shaped bastions, turning the castle into one of the most imposing fortifications in Europe. After the unification of Italy, the castle was transferred from military ownership to the city of Milan and began a long restoration process under the direction of Luca Beltrami. Between 1893 and 1905, Beltrami led the reconstruction of the Filarete Tower and the restoration of many Renaissance elements of the castle. This restoration not only preserved the historic structure, but also adapted it to new cultural and museum uses. Today, the Sforza Castle is an important cultural and tourist hub, hosting several museums and art collections. Among these, the Museum of Ancient Art, the Museum of Musical Instruments, the Museum of Furniture, and the Museum of Prehistory. One of the most precious treasures housed in the castle is Michelangelo’s Pietà Rondanini, the master’s last unfinished sculpture, which represents a powerful example of his artistic genius in the representation of suffering and redemption.
Read More