University of Lisbon Museum

The Museum of the University of Lisbon, also known as the National Museum of Natural History and Science (MUHNAC), is one of the most relevant cultural institutions in the Portuguese capital. This museum stands out for its vast scientific and historical collection, which encompasses various fields of knowledge such as zoology, anthropology, geology, and botany. Located in the iconic building of the Escola Politécnica, the museum also integrates the Lisbon Botanical Garden and the Lisbon Astronomical Observatory, offering a rich and diverse experience to visitors. The MUHNAC has origins dating back to the second half of the 18th century with the creation of the Real Museum of Natural History and Botanical Garden. Transferred several times, the museum finally found its permanent headquarters in 1858 in the building of the Escola Politécnica. Over the years, the museum has witnessed numerous historical events, including a devastating fire in 1978 that destroyed much of the zoology and geology collections. This event marked the beginning of a period of renewal and reorganization that culminated in 2011 with the creation of the current museum structure under the auspices of the University of Lisbon. The Lisbon Botanical Garden, an integral part of the museum, is one of the main attractions. Inaugurated in 1878, the garden offers an oasis of tranquility in the heart of the city and represents an important center for botanical research. Visitors can explore a wide range of exotic and local plants, stroll among ancient trees, and participate in guided tours that illustrate the history and peculiarities of the plant species hosted.Another element of great interest is the Lisbon Astronomical Observatory, which joined the museum in 2012. The observatory plays a crucial role in the dissemination of astronomy, offering the public the opportunity to participate in astronomical observations and learn more about the universe through historical and modern instruments.The collections of the MUHNAC also include a vast collection of human and primate skeletons, thanks to the pioneering work of anthropologists such as Luís Lopes and Hugo Cardoso. This collection, one of the most extensive and well-documented in the world, includes approximately 1700 human skeletons from Lisbon cemeteries and a unique collection of skeletal remains of African origin.The museum also houses the largest national herpetological collection, with specimens of amphibians and reptiles mainly from Portugal, but also from other regions of the world. This collection is essential for the study of Portuguese and Iberian herpetological biodiversity, offering an important reference point for researchers and enthusiasts.The MUHNAC, with its rich and diverse collections, the Botanical Garden, and the Astronomical Observatory, represents a true center of knowledge and culture. It not only preserves Portugal’s scientific and natural heritage but also makes it accessible and enjoyable to the general public through an educational and interactive approach. Visiting this museum means embarking on a journey through the history of science and nature, exploring the wonders of the natural world and the advances of scientific research.