Palatine Stadium

The Palatine Stadium, also known as the Stadium of Domitian or Palatine Hippodrome, is an imposing structure located on the Palatine Hill in Rome, part of the vast complex of the imperial palace. Built between 81 and 92 AD during the reign of Emperor Domitian, the stadium represented an essential component of the Domus Augustana, the emperor’s private residence. Its construction reflected Domitian’s ambition to create a space dedicated to both physical exercise and spectacular events, although its exact use remains a subject of debate among scholars. The stadium measures approximately 160 meters in length and 48 meters in width, a size that, although similar to that of circuses, was too small for chariot races. This has led many historians to believe that it was mainly used as a private garden and for foot races events, rather than chariot races. The structure was surrounded on three sides by a two-story portico, supported by columns of colored marble, which offered a spectacular view of the arena below and the surrounding landscape. The architecture of the Palatine Stadium was characterized by a large exedra on the eastern side, decorated with sculptures and fountains, which served as the focal point of the garden. The fountains and statues, many of which are now preserved in Roman museums, contributed to creating a luxurious and relaxing environment for the emperor and his guests. This type of garden-stadium was an innovation of Domitian, who also replicated a similar space in his villa at the Alban Hills. The stadium, part of Domitian’s extensive palace complex, was the last section of the palace to be built, replacing older buildings dating back to the Nero period. The entire palace complex was a symbol of imperial power, with the Domus Flavia serving as a public area and the Domus Augustana as a private residence. The construction of the palace and the stadium on the Palatine also represented a statement of power and continuity, reconnecting to the mythical roots of Rome and the history of its early kings. Archaeological excavations of the 18th and 19th centuries have brought to light much of the structure, allowing us to appreciate the complexity and magnificence of the stadium. However, the site has also been subject to looting and damage, compromising some parts of the building. Today, the remains of the Palatine Stadium can be visited, with its foundations and some of the original columns still visible. An interesting curiosity concerns the use of the stadium during the Severan period. It is known that during this period, the stadium was used for sporting events, an indication that the place continued to have an important function in the public and private life of the Roman emperors.