Basilica of Saints John and Paul

The Basilica of Saints John and Paul, located on the Caelian Hill in Rome, is one of the oldest and most historically rich churches in the city. Founded in the 4th century AD above the homes of the martyrs John and Paul, officials of the court of Emperor Constantine, the basilica is a place of worship and pilgrimage of great historical and religious importance. The current structure of the basilica dates mainly to the 12th century, when it was rebuilt after being destroyed by the Normans in 1084. The building is a magnificent example of Roman medieval architecture, with its brick facade, three-story bell tower, and interior decorated with frescoes and mosaics. The basilica is famous for its catacombs, which extend beneath the main building and preserve numerous remains of Christian martyrs. These catacombs are a place of great charm and mystery, where visitors can explore ancient corridors and burial chambers, immersing themselves in the history of Rome’s early Christians. An interesting anecdote concerns the discovery, in the 19th century, of a series of early Christian frescoes inside the basilica. These frescoes, depicting scenes of martyrdom and the lives of the saints, are considered among the oldest and best-preserved examples of early Christian art in Rome. The interior of the basilica is enriched with numerous works of art, including the famous 13th-century fresco depicting the Last Judgment, located in the apse. This fresco, with its vivid representations of Heaven and Hell, is a masterpiece of medieval art and a testament to the fervent spirituality of the time. Another element of great interest is the Chapel of Saint Paul of the Cross, founder of the Passionists, who lived and died in the basilica in the 18th century. The chapel houses numerous objects and relics related to the saint’s life, making it a pilgrimage destination for devotees from around the world.